有珠火山2000年噴火の山体変動
-北東山麓割れ目群の変位およびセオドライトによる北麓,西麓の観測結果-

羽坂俊一・西村裕一・宝田晋治・高橋裕平・中川 充・斎藤英二・渡辺和明・風早康平・川邊禎久・山元孝広・廣瀬 亘・吉本充宏 (2001)

地調調査研究報告


Abstract:

 Numerous cracks were observed at the northern and western part of the Usu Volcano due to the 2000 eruption. Many echelon-type cracks were found at the northeastern foot of the volcano from March 30. Horizontal displacement, width, and vertical displacement of cracks were measured on March 31, April 1, and April 2. Deformation rates were dramatically decreased after the first eruption from 13:07 on March 31. Twelve targets were selected at the northern foot of the Usu Volcano for theodolite monitoring. The monitoring was started on April 5. Northward horizontal movements in the whole northern foot of the volcano were observed until April 6. Deformation area became smaller and limited to the northwestern part of the volcano until April 10. Horizontal movements at the northwestern foot area were stopped around April 25. Many graben-type normal faults were developed at the center of the uplifting area in the western foot of the volcano. Eight targets were selected in and around the uplifting area for the theodolite monitoring. Uplifting and lateral movements at 500m west of the uplifting center were stopped at the end of June. Uplifting and lateral movements in the uplifting-center area were stopped at the end of July. Uplifting rates at the targets in the uplifting center were 90 cm/day - 30 cm/day during the middle of April and the deformation rate was decreased gradually. Targets in the uplifting center were uplifted ca. 10 m and moved toward west ca. 1 m - 3.5 m by the monitoring from an observation point at the southwestern foot of the volcano.

要 旨:

 有珠火山2000年噴火では,山麓に多くの割れ目群が形成された.3月30日からは有珠火山北東麓のそうべつ壮瞥温泉地区でも多くの雁行状割れ目が見つかった.3月31日,4月1日,4月2日に割れ目群の水平変位,開口幅,落差を計測した.その結果,3月31日13時7分の噴火開始後,変位速度が大きく減少したことが明らかになった.有珠火山北麓12ヶ所の目標点を定めて,4月5日からセオドライト観測を行った.その結果,4月6日までは北麓全体で北側へせり出すような水平変動が観察できた.4月10日ごろには,北麓の変動域が北西麓の洞爺湖温泉周辺に限られるようになり,4月25日頃には洞爺湖温泉周辺の水平変動はほぼ停止した.洞爺湖温泉西の洞爺湖温泉中学校は4月5日〜25日の間に約1.6m北側へせり出した.西麓8ヶ所の目標点を定めて,4月13日から地溝状の正断層群が発達した隆起中心域とその周辺のセオドライト観測を行った.その結果,隆起中心から西南西500mの地点では6月下旬に隆起がほぼ停止し,隆起中心付近では7月下旬に隆起がほぼ停止したことが明らかになった.隆起中心近くの目標点は,4月中旬で90cm/日〜30cm/日の速度で隆起したが,次第に隆起速度が減少し,7月下旬にはほぼ隆起が停止した.4月13日〜7月下旬の期間に隆起中心付近の目標点は約10m隆起し,有珠火山南西の観測点から見て約1m〜3.5m西に移動した.